These differences were clearly due to management. The high proportion and number of stems in intermediate size classes (5–29.9 cm dbh) in bri agroforests result from the preferences of betel growers, who reported that they used trees mainly as trellises for their vines rather than as a source of wood, and preferred large numbers of shorter, lowerdiameter trees, as opposed to the lower densities of tall, widebore trees preferred for commercial timber