given by ∆ := 1 − z−1, and z−1 is the backward operator which implies z−1y(t) = y(t − 1). r(t) in (4) indicates a reference signal. In the DD-PID method, these PID gains for each time are determined by utilizing datasets in a database.
given by ∆ := 1 − z−1, and z−1 is the backward operator which implies z−1y(t) = y(t − 1). r(t) in (4) indicates a reference signal. In the DD-PID method, these PID gains for each time are determined by utilizing datasets in a database.