On the other hand, many of the world's leading universities
and companies are doing research and design on the
application of complex systems. Among them are "Adaptive
distributed information system framework and mechanisms -
21st century information system and software engineering
programs" by Waseda University of Japan, the adaptive
information cluster of the Department of Computer Science of
Dublin University of Ireland, the complex network computing
group of Microsoft Research, the collaborative user experience
design team of IBM Research Center. However, most of these
institutions are limited to a specific research project and a
detailed aspect, or use a certain kind of system theory and
method to solve a specific problem isolated. They do not study
a complex information system as a whole, and do not guide the
evolution and development of it from a theoretical height of
view ranging from micro to macro size.