MacEwan’s counter-argument against what is clearly a political ideology, rather than a statement of economic fact, takes two main forms: a direct critique of some main tenets of neoliberalism, especially questions of income distribution and markets (Part I of the book); and an outline of alternative democratic development policy (Part II of the book); a third line of attack, via ethical criticism of the human suffering caused by neoliberal policies, is mentioned but not pursued (p. 146).