also newly recognized notions of security arising from critical perspectives(including feminist ones) entering the field, which pointed out that state security often compromised, the welfare of people and the planet. Nevertheless, conventional security studies have enjoyed somewhat of a resurgence in the post-9/11 period because decisions to engage in inter- state and intrastate conflict and the globalized"war on terror" once again spiked militarized violence. The resurgent interest in direct violence has once again been at the expense of attending structural violence and the insecurities generated by structural inequalities. We must be mindful that direct and indirect(structural) violence are not separate but interdependent. The inequalities of the latter shape the expression of the former.