Interestingly, the rates of fumaric acid production and glycerol
consumption were lower when pure glycerol was used (Fig. 4), and
the highest production of fumaric acid was only 1.83 g/L at 192 h.
In conclusion, the highest fumaric acid concentration (4.37 g/L) on
crude glycerol medium was approximately 2.36 times as much as
that on pure glycerol medium, and the biomass was also higher (data
not shown). Furthermore, there was also a significant improvement
in the yield of fumaric acid based on glycerol consumed on crude
glycerol medium. These results indicated that crude glycerol was
more suitable for the production of fumaric acid compared to pure
glycerol. Similar findings were reported by Ruhal et al. (2011), which
indicated that crude glycerol was a superior carbon source for trehalose
and propionic acid production in comparison to pure glycerol,
and the presence of KCl as impurity in the crude glycerol was probably
responsible for enhanced accumulation of trehalose.
Unfortunately, compared to the fermentation using glucose
(80 g/L) as carbon source, the fumaric acid production at 144 h in
Interestingly, the rates of fumaric acid production and glycerolconsumption were lower when pure glycerol was used (Fig. 4), andthe highest production of fumaric acid was only 1.83 g/L at 192 h.In conclusion, the highest fumaric acid concentration (4.37 g/L) oncrude glycerol medium was approximately 2.36 times as much asthat on pure glycerol medium, and the biomass was also higher (datanot shown). Furthermore, there was also a significant improvementin the yield of fumaric acid based on glycerol consumed on crudeglycerol medium. These results indicated that crude glycerol wasmore suitable for the production of fumaric acid compared to pureglycerol. Similar findings were reported by Ruhal et al. (2011), whichindicated that crude glycerol was a superior carbon source for trehaloseand propionic acid production in comparison to pure glycerol,and the presence of KCl as impurity in the crude glycerol was probablyresponsible for enhanced accumulation of trehalose.Unfortunately, compared to the fermentation using glucose(80 g/L) as carbon source, the fumaric acid production at 144 h in
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