Dogs were excluded from the study if they had received any corticosteroids for more than 48 hours before presentation, any anticoagulants (unfractionated heparin or low-molecular-weight heparin for longer than 24 hours before enrollment, and aspirin within 7 days of admission), any additional immunosuppressive therapy, hemoglobin based on oxygen carrying solution, previously undergone splenectomy, had severe thrombocytopenia (platelet count