FIGURE 2. Scatterplot showing observed versus predicted ratios of
serum total to HDL cholesterol. Each point refers to a specific test diet in
one of the studies. “Predicted” values were calculated as the intrinsic concentration
of the group under study plus the predicted change induced by
their test diet (see Table 1). The intrinsic concentration reflects the
total:HDL cholesterol that would result if this particular group of subjects
consumed a standardized fat-free, high-carbohydrate diet. It is determined
by factors such as genetic makeup, age, and body mass index and by factors
such as the fiber, protein, or alcohol content of the background diet,
which was constant within studies but differed between studies. (Carbohydrates
→ SFAs), (Carbohydrates → MUFAs), and (Carbohydrates →
PUFAs), percentage of energy in the form of carbohydrates replaced with
an equal percentage in the form of saturated fatty acids, cis monounsaturated
fatty acids, or cis polyunsaturated acids, respectively.