The spectral energy distribution scans were recorded at 400–700 nm with 2-nm steps of the LEDs and FL (Fig. 1) with a calibrated spectroradiometer (LI-COR1800, Lincoln, NE, USA) placed horizontally in the cabinets used for the experiments, with the sensor covered by the glass lid of the vessel. Each treatment was run in a growth chamber, and the spectrum was recorded at the top of the plant canopy.