a string inverter efficiency of 98% was assumed. The microinverters are assumed to have an efficiency of95%, and since,
in practice, they only interface with PV modules, and therefore
cannot compensate mismatch between submodules, the effective efficiency is typically even lower. As is evident from Table I,
the DPP-based system yields significant advantages in terms of
overall system efficiency.
To apply the concept of DPP to PV systems, especially at
the submodule-level, several architectures and corresponding
control schemes have been proposed [9]–[11], [13]–[17]. For
example, the work presented in [14] and [17] uses a switched
inductor topology; the work presented in [9] uses a resonant
switched capacitor topology; the work presented in [10] uses a
transformer coupled topology.