The item reduction was performed in two steps. Firstly, corrected item-total
correlation and Cronbach‟s alpha if item deleted was conducted on the initial
54-items. In this step all items in the questionnaire, one at a time, were
correlated with the total number of points. Items with correlations below 0.5
were removed one at a time. The total number of points was adjusted so that
the item that was correlated with the total number of points was not involved
in the total number of points at the time when the analysis was performed.144
Secondly, several explorative factor analysis were conducted on the remaining
42-items. A principal components analysis providing preliminary information of
the construct was performed before the final factoring. To decide the number
of factors to be included in the construct, factors with an eigenvalue above 1.0
were included. The items factor loading was >0.50 and were considered
sufficient, according to Field.145 Catell‟s scree test139 was used to control the
number of tentative factors to be retained. Data were examined with Bartlett‟s