In this paper we use the concept of fairness as the background for our analysis, i.e. charge
users the average social costs of transport and transport infrastructure. In a recent study in the
Netherlands (CE, Solutions for environment, economy and technology, 1999) estimates were
made of a substantial part of these costs. In this paper we will focus on a category of average
costs that was not accounted for in the CE (1999) study, i.e. the direct and indirect costs of
land use related to transport. Especially in densely populated countries such as the
Netherlands, the issue of scarcity of land and the negative spatial spillovers of transport
activities may be very important. In international context, some of the more methodology
oriented documents do