ConclusionThe present study showed that human milk as well asbovine milk and whey and casein protein lowered theglycemia compared to the WWB reference meal. Wealso demonstrated that the human milk exerted insulinogenicproperties and the effect appeared to originatefrom the protein fraction. Consequently, all the testmeals increased plasma amino acid levels, and the aminoacids correlated positively with both insulin secretionand incretin responses as well as inversely to the glycemicresponse. Interestingly, the human milk appearedto be a particularly potent GLP-1 secretagogue. TheTable 5 Correlations between serum insulin, GIP andGLP-1 and plasma amino acidsInsulin GLP-1 GIPLeu r 0.440 0.716 0.489p 0.003 <0.001 0.007Lys r 0.385 0.640 0.568p 0.010 <0.001 <0.001Thr r 0.364 0.600 0.383p 0.015 <0.001 0.040Val r 0.408 0.438 0.539p 0.006 0.017 0.003Spearman’s correlation coefficients and p-values for the relations betweenincrements in plasma amino acid concentrations and the corresponding seruminsulin, plasma GLP-1 and GIP increment, respectively (iAUC 0–60 min).relative potency of human milk to stimulate incretins isnoteworthy and the impact of incretins for metabolismand appetite regulation is an interesting field for furtherresearch and should be taken into consideration whenproducing baby formulas based on bovine milk.
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