[33.1020] Management is in a unique position to perpetrate fraud because of management's ability to manipulate
accounting records and prepare fraudulent financial statements by overriding controls that otherwise appear to be
operating effectively. Although the risk of management override of controls will vary from entity to entity, the risk is
nevertheless present in all entities. Due to the unpredictable way in which such override could occur, it is a fraud risk and
thus a significant risk. Accordingly, as part of our responses that address fraud risks, we shall perform the procedures
described in KAM 33.1025 to 33.1125 to specifically address the risk of management override of controls. [Source: ISA 240.31]
[33.1025] We shall determine, and document our rationale for, the criteria to identify high-risk journal entries and other
adjustments.
[33.1030] As part of determining the criteria to identify high-risk journal entries and other adjustments we shall make
inquiries of individuals involved in the financial reporting process about inappropriate or unusual activity relating to the
processing of journal entries and other adjustments. These inquiries shall include whether there were: [Source: ISA 240.32(a)(i)]
- apply the high-risk criteria to the relevant population [requirements at KAM 33.1110][guidance at
KAM 33.2650]
- test identified high-risk journal entries [requirements at KAM 33.1120][guidance at KAM 33.2665]
• examine material post-closing entries made during the financial statement closing process.
[requirements at KAM 33.1130][guidance at KAM 33.2705]
• the relevant population of journal entries throughout the period
• the relevant population of journal entries and other adjustments at the end of the reporting period, and
• post-closing entries.
• journal entries or other adjustments recorded without adequate support or explanation
• any instances of overrides of controls over the recording of journal entries or other adjustments
• journal entries or other adjustments initiated by management outside the normal course of business
33.1035] We shall document our rationale in the unusual circumstances when we do not determine any high-risk criteria.
[33.1020] Management is in a unique position to perpetrate fraud because of management's ability to manipulateaccounting records and prepare fraudulent financial statements by overriding controls that otherwise appear to beoperating effectively. Although the risk of management override of controls will vary from entity to entity, the risk isnevertheless present in all entities. Due to the unpredictable way in which such override could occur, it is a fraud risk andthus a significant risk. Accordingly, as part of our responses that address fraud risks, we shall perform the proceduresdescribed in KAM 33.1025 to 33.1125 to specifically address the risk of management override of controls. [Source: ISA 240.31][33.1025] We shall determine, and document our rationale for, the criteria to identify high-risk journal entries and otheradjustments.[33.1030] As part of determining the criteria to identify high-risk journal entries and other adjustments we shall makeinquiries of individuals involved in the financial reporting process about inappropriate or unusual activity relating to theprocessing of journal entries and other adjustments. These inquiries shall include whether there were: [Source: ISA 240.32(a)(i)]- apply the high-risk criteria to the relevant population [requirements at KAM 33.1110][guidance atKAM 33.2650]- test identified high-risk journal entries [requirements at KAM 33.1120][guidance at KAM 33.2665]• examine material post-closing entries made during the financial statement closing process.[requirements at KAM 33.1130][guidance at KAM 33.2705]• the relevant population of journal entries throughout the period• the relevant population of journal entries and other adjustments at the end of the reporting period, and• post-closing entries.• journal entries or other adjustments recorded without adequate support or explanation• any instances of overrides of controls over the recording of journal entries or other adjustments• journal entries or other adjustments initiated by management outside the normal course of business33.1035] We shall document our rationale in the unusual circumstances when we do not determine any high-risk criteria.
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