The labor required to handle cattle
and observe estrus and the cost and difficulty in implementation
of AI have limited the widespread adoption of
estrous synchronization and AI in the beef industry [2,3]. In
order to facilitate the use of estrous synchronization by
beef producers, the protocols need to limit expense as well
as time and labor, which can be achieved by minimizing the
number of times and frequency at which cows are handled
during the process.