Table 1 shows that a combination of acid and alkali pretreatments
aided in the final ethanol production by SSF. The SAA pretreatment
gave a substrate of relatively low cellulose content
that produced only 12.3 g/L ethanol. Pretreatment of corncob with
acid and alkali increased ethanol production to 29.4 g/L for the FA–
AA pretreatment.