This chapter deals with breeding aspects of one of the most important
crops for food security in the world. Initially it shows how diverse rice is with 22
species, different levels of ploidy and six diversity groups. The choice of parents
for crossing, when having such wide genetic diversity available, requires careful
characterization and evaluation of the germplasm as well as good knowledge and
breeding skills to make the right decisions. Rice breeders have been very successful
in improving the crop. Some milestones are: the contribution to the green revolution
with the semi-dwarf varieties, the new rice plant type, hybrid rice, and the NERICA
rice. Even though there was a series of breakthroughs the main breeding goals in
most national programs remain similar since a long time ago: increasing grain yield
potential, resistance to blast disease, grain quality, and drought tolerance. The main
breeding method used to improve rice is the pedigree, but development of hybrids
and population improvement were added to the breeder’s portfolio. Breeders have
been taking advantage of biotechnology tools to enhance their breeding capacity;
however, many national programs are still struggling on how to integrate them into
the breeding programs and how to balance the allocation of resources between
conventional and modern tools. The chapter closes with information on the rice
breeding capacity around the world, showing that rice breeders are widely
distributed across all regions and the existing capacity, using the above mentioned
information, will still be able to cope with the challenge of making genetic progress
for one of the most important food security crops.
This chapter deals with breeding aspects of one of the most importantcrops for food security in the world. Initially it shows how diverse rice is with 22species, different levels of ploidy and six diversity groups. The choice of parentsfor crossing, when having such wide genetic diversity available, requires carefulcharacterization and evaluation of the germplasm as well as good knowledge andbreeding skills to make the right decisions. Rice breeders have been very successfulin improving the crop. Some milestones are: the contribution to the green revolutionwith the semi-dwarf varieties, the new rice plant type, hybrid rice, and the NERICArice. Even though there was a series of breakthroughs the main breeding goals inmost national programs remain similar since a long time ago: increasing grain yieldpotential, resistance to blast disease, grain quality, and drought tolerance. The mainbreeding method used to improve rice is the pedigree, but development of hybridsand population improvement were added to the breeder’s portfolio. Breeders havebeen taking advantage of biotechnology tools to enhance their breeding capacity;however, many national programs are still struggling on how to integrate them intothe breeding programs and how to balance the allocation of resources betweenconventional and modern tools. The chapter closes with information on the ricebreeding capacity around the world, showing that rice breeders are widelydistributed across all regions and the existing capacity, using the above mentionedinformation, will still be able to cope with the challenge of making genetic progressfor one of the most important food security crops.
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