Quite early in the development of plant chemistry, it was recognized that in the woody (“lignified”) portions of , such as stalks, stems,cobs, hulls, leaves, trunks of trees and shrubs, there is associated with the cellulose and the other carbohydrates a substance, or a group of closely related and possibly isomeric substances, which has been designated “lig- nin.” is generally credited with having introduced this term into chemical literature, although according to Czapek it had previously been employed by de Candolle