The data obtained from the 2D resistivity method indicates the soil resistivity can be affected by water and clay
content. The 2D resistivity survey has proven that there is a passage for water to flow through via the permeable
layer (Fig. 4). A saturated layer has also been identified by the survey which could be a concern in relation to the
possible cause of landslides and collapse of the retaining wall. The result of 2D resistivity method could be used to
detect subsurface problem induced by water flow supported by borehole records.