Linking data to propositions and having criteria for interpreting the findings are involved in the data analysis steps in case study research. A good case study is expected to show its effectiveness in terms of linking data and setting a set of criteria for interpreting the findings. Criteria for judging the quality of research designs are also essential. In empirical research, there are basically four tests to establish the quality of any empirical social research. Table 3 list the four tests and the case study tactic for dealing with them.
Base on yin table 3, this study employs two case study tactics construct validity and reliability. The two tests are discussed below.
Construct validity is the focus on the development of correct operational measures for the concepts under review. As Table 3 shows regarding case studies, three tactics are available to increase construct validity multiple sources of evidence, establishing a chain of evidence, and having the case informants review the draft case study report.
Data collection for case studies can rely on many sources of evidence. Yin points out six sources of evidence documentation, archival records, interviews, direct observation, participant-observation, and physical artifacts. For this study only five of the six sources apply, as physical artifacts were not suitable for the area of the study. Details of these multiple sources of evidence are discussed in details in case study analysis.
The idea of reliability refers to minimizing the errors and bias in a study. Moreover, Cooper & Schindler point out that reliability refers to the extent that the study would produce similar results if repeated again. According to Table 3. Yin recommended that a two tactics procedure should be adopted to develop a case study. For this study, the interview protocol was developed in the research design phase and tested in the pilot case interviews before it was used for the main data collection.