The core beliefs of Theravada Buddhism are based around the teachings of Guatama Buddha. Suffering, the Buddha taught, is caused by desires, craving, and the human ego. Through self-awakening and following the Eight-fold Noble Path, Theravadan Buddhists believe that a person can achieve a state of freedom from suffering and ego, called Nirvana.
Most Thais believe in reincarnation. Although enlightenment and the freedom from suffering may be achieved within a single lifetime, it’s believed that most people will take many lifetimes. Through merit-making practices such as giving donations to temples or lighting incense, people seek to improve their standing and their closeness to Nirvana in the next lifetime.
Folk beliefs, animism, and local deities all play an important part in the average Thai person’s life, as well. Many shrines, rituals, and festivals honor local deities. For example, in the Festival of Lights, many people float candles down waterways to honor the Goddess of Water.