Food -gradebiocompatible colloidal nanoparticles are very scarce, as shown in Fig. 5c, mainly including (i) protein microgels,(ii) polysaccharide microgels, (iii) protein-polysaccharide complexes,and (iv) other particles. Generally, protein microgels are generated intonanoscale through high-speed dispersion and/or high-pressure homogenization after forming protein gel by thermal cross-linking, enzymecross-linking, or both. While soft κ-carrageenan microgels need thestirring process to disturb the gelation process for generating coarse gelfragments rather than a large bulk gel