Pneumothorax refers to gas within the pleural space. Normally, the alveolar pressure is greater than the intrapleural pressure, while the intrapleural pressure is less than atmospheric pressure. Therefore, if a communication develops between an alveolus and the pleural space or between the atmosphere and the pleural space, gases will follow the pressure gradient and flow into the pleural space. This flow will continue until the pressure gradient no longer exists or the abnormal communication has been sealed. Since the thoracic cavity is normally below its resting volume, and the lung is above its resting volume, the thoracic cavity enlarges and the lung becomes smaller when a pneumothorax develops. [1]
A tension pneumothorax is a medical emergency and occurs when the intrapleural pressure exceeds atmospheric pressure, especially during expiration, and results from a ball valve mechanism that promotes inspiratory accumulation of pleural gases. The build-up of pressure within the pleural space eventually results in hypoxaemia and respiratory failure from compression of the lung. [1]
The pathophysiology of catamenial pneumothoraces is not known. It has been suggested that air gains access to the peritoneal cavity during menstruation and then secondarily the pleural space through diaphragmatic defects. [21] Alternatively, it has been hypothesised that ectopic intrathoracic endometriosis results in visceral pleural erosions, thus causing a pneumothorax. [22]
 
Pneumothorax refers to gas within the pleural space. Normally, the alveolar pressure is greater than the intrapleural pressure, while the intrapleural pressure is less than atmospheric pressure. Therefore, if a communication develops between an alveolus and the pleural space or between the atmosphere and the pleural space, gases will follow the pressure gradient and flow into the pleural space. This flow will continue until the pressure gradient no longer exists or the abnormal communication has been sealed. Since the thoracic cavity is normally below its resting volume, and the lung is above its resting volume, the thoracic cavity enlarges and the lung becomes smaller when a pneumothorax develops. [1]
A tension pneumothorax is a medical emergency and occurs when the intrapleural pressure exceeds atmospheric pressure, especially during expiration, and results from a ball valve mechanism that promotes inspiratory accumulation of pleural gases. The build-up of pressure within the pleural space eventually results in hypoxaemia and respiratory failure from compression of the lung. [1]
The pathophysiology of catamenial pneumothoraces is not known. It has been suggested that air gains access to the peritoneal cavity during menstruation and then secondarily the pleural space through diaphragmatic defects. [21] Alternatively, it has been hypothesised that ectopic intrathoracic endometriosis results in visceral pleural erosions, thus causing a pneumothorax. [22]
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