Abstract
This research is an exploratory research. The objectives of the research. The objectives of the research were to examine that how management accounting techniques were perceived and used by Thai Small- and medium enterprises (SMEs) and to investigate similarities or differences of management accounting practices between Thai public companies and Thai SMEs. The conceptual framework of this research of this derived from management accounting theories and researches. Secondary data from documentary and previous survey researches were used. Descriptive and Inferential statistics were employed. The results of the research supported the findings from many previous researches conducted in several countries. It was apparent that almost all of companies used traditional management accounting techniques more than advanced management accounting techniques. Top five management accounting techniques that ITBs knew and were the same as Non-ITBs, i.e. standard costing job order costing, operating budget, financial budget, process costing, variable costing, and segment report. Four management accounting techniques having no significant association with business characteristic, i.e. being an ITB or Non-ITB, were standard costing, job order costing, process costing, and keizen costing. The barriers that Thai SMEs encountered were a lack of proper accounting system and the insufficient knowledge in management accounting of the accounting. The comparison of management accounting techniques adopted by Thai public companies and Thai SMEs were also made. The comparison results revealed that both Thai public companies and Thai SMEs used traditional management accounting techniques more than advanced techniques.