Sequential steps in making a sand casting. (a) A pattern board is placed between the bottom (drag) and top (cope) halves of a flask ,with the bottom side up. (b) Sand is then packed into the drag half of the mold. (c) A bottom board is positioned on top of the packed sand, and the mold is turned over, showing the top (cope) half of pattern with sprue and riser pins in place. (d)The cope half of the mold is then packed with sand. (e) The mold is opened, the pattern board is drawn(removed) and the runner and gate are cut into the surface of the sand. (e) The parting surface of the cope half of the mold is shown with the pattern and pine removed. (f) The mold is reassembled with the pattern board removed, and molten metal is poured through the sprue. (g) The contents are shaken from the flask and the metal segment is separated from the sand, ready for further processing