To identify the
categories and subcategories for the data analysis, I first reviewed the
Comparative research methodology 39
relevant literature and defined the categories and subcategories. Then, all of
the content —the sentences, phrases and pictures shown in the curricula and
textbooks — was analysed sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, along
with the defined categories and subcategories. Consequently, the analysis can
be characterised as deductive. For the interview data, I employed the ideas of
deductive content analysis (Elo & Kyngäs, 2008).