Fair value losses of $5m (2014: $4m fair value losses; 2013: $77m fair value losses) on derivatives related to debt instruments designated at fair
value through profit or loss and $15m fair value gains (2014: $3m fair value gains; 2013: $82m fair value gains) on debt instruments designated
at fair value through profit or loss have been included within interest and fair value adjustments in respect of debt designated at fair value through
profit or loss, net of derivatives. Ineffectiveness on the net investment hedge taken to profit was $nil (2014: $nil; 2013: $nil).