Today, food and beverage spoilage by AAT spores has become an industrial issue. The effectiveness of heat alone or combined with antimicrobials for inactivating AAT has been investigated: nisin was added to fruit juices, chlorine dioxide was added to the surface of apples, grape polyphenols were added to grape juice, enterocin AS-48 was added to fruit juices, ascorbic acid was added to apple juice, and eugenol and cinnamaldehyde were added to acidified malt extract broth.