Welfare State + Defense expenditures =
Permanent Deficits
• Funds: U.S. aid, donations of members of the Jewish
community around the world, debt
(however)
• Little economic “miracle”: the organization of
kibbutz + revolutionary agricultural methods have
led to achieve food self-sufficiency in the middle of
the desert.
• Extended middle-class
• 1990s Expansion of consumerism (from a Spartan
Socialist society to a global consumer market)