the big spenders in r&d tend to produce certain types of product-things like .......... scientific instruments, medicines, high-tech weapons systems, navigation and safety devices for aircraft, etc. whereas ,typically, a manufacturing company might make a profit of 40% on its sales, the profits of these...........companies can range from 60% to as high as 90%. in other words, manufacturing........ represent only 10% of the price that the.......pays for the product-the remaining 90% being......one might ask how these companies can justify figures like these. the explanation lies in the fact that ,for them r&d carries a high risk of.......a large part of the time and money that they.....in r&d does not create any.......products at all.so the high profits of a handful of successful products serve to offset the cost of numerous......projects