These are texts which have been made simpler so as to make it easier
for learners to read them. The usual principles of simplification involve
reduction in length of the text, shortening of sentences, omission or
replacement of difficult words or structures, omission of qualifying
clauses and omission of non-essential detail. Some applied linguists
prefer to simplify texts by adding examples, by using repetition and
paraphrase and by increasing redundant information. In other words,
by lengthening rather than shortening the text, by elaboration rather
than reduction .