Scribe, Augustin-Eugene. “The Glass of Water; or, Cause and Effect.” The Practical Teacher: A Monthly Education Journal 8.3-10 (1888). Microfilm.
Actually a French play titled “Le Verre d’Eau, ou Les Effets et les Causes,” “The Glass of Water” is translated into English in The Practical Teacher: A Monthly Education Journal. It was written by Augustin-Eugene Scribe and first performed on November 17, 1840, at the Theatre-Francais in Paris.[1] Scribe was the first French playwright to make a living—and more than that—solely from writing.[2] He was born December 24, 1791, in Paris and died on February 20, 1861. “The Glass of Water” was not only one of his best works but one of his most successful in the theater.[3] Scribe wrote “35 plays, 216 vaudevilles, 86 comic operas, and 37 operas.”[4]
Scribe’s main point in this play is to show how small, trivial matters can, in truth, have a large effect, as in this play when a glass of water changes the course of a war. A battle over Parliament and the Queen between the Whigs and Tories rages while the characters in the play try to sway the vote either in favor of continuing or ending England's war with France.
It would seem odd that a French play would appear in a journal for teachers, but in an introduction to the play, Charles Eggert states, “Frequent use in the class-room of Scribe’s comic masterpiece, Le Verre d’Eau, has led me to the belief that this play answers admirably for early and late reading of really interesting matter, for classes in French.”[5] The play may very well have been added as a tool for French teachers to use in study and teaching. The play shows insight into French and English culture. It also is based around historical events that include both France and England.
Transcription
The Glass of Water; or, Cause and Effect
Original Document
Persons Represented.
Queen Anne
Duchess of Marlborough
Henri de Saint- Jean, Lord Bolingbroke
Masham (an Officer of the Royal Household)
Abigail (Cousin to the Duchess)
Le Marquis de Torcy (Louis XIV.’s envoy)
Thompson (Usher of the Queen’s antechamber)
A Member of Parliament
Act First.
The theater represents a handsome saloon in St. James’s Palace. Door in the background. Two side doors. On the left of
the spectator a table with writing materials; on the right a round table (stand).
Scene I.
Enter the Marquis of Torcy, and Bolingbroke on the left; Masham, asleep in an armchair, near the door on the right.
Bolingbroke.
Yes, Marquis, this letter shall reach the queen, I will find means to do it, I promise you faithfully, and it shall be
received with all the respect due to the envoy of a great king.
De Torcy.
I rely on you, Monsieur de St. Jean. I entrust my honour and the honour of France to your loyalty and friendship.
Bolingbroke.
You do well...The world will tell you that Henri de St. Jean is a libertine and a spendthrift; fickle and of a meddling
disposition, an irascible writer, a violent speaker... I have no objection... but not one of them will tell you that
Henri de St. Jean has ever sold his pen, or betrayed a friend.
De Torcy.
I know it well, and I put all my hopes in you.
[Exit]
Scene II.
Bolingbroke, Masham.
Bolingbroke.
What strange chances of war and fate of victorious monarchs! The ambassador of Louis XIV. cannot obtain in St. James’s
Palace an audience of Queen Anne!... and in order that the note of a diplomatist may reach her (to be compelled) to
exercise as much tact and secresy as if it were a billet doux[6]... Poor
Marquis de Torcy...if his negotiations do not succeed...it will break his heart!...so much does he love his aged
sovereign...who still dreams (flatters himself) of an honourable and glorious peace...Old age is the age of
disappointment (hope deceived).
Masham.
[in his sleep
Oh! how beautiful she is!
Bolingbroke.
Oh youth!...the age of illusions... Look at this young officer to whom happiness comes even when asleep.
Masham.
[asleep.
Yes, I love thee... I shall always love thee!
Bolingbroke.
He is dreaming, poor young man! What! I declare it is little Masham. Here I meet with an old acquaintance.
Masham.
[still asleep.
What happiness!... what a brilliant future!... I am not worthy of it!...
Bolingbroke.
[striking Masham’s shoulder.
In that case, my dear fellow, we will go shares!
Masham.
[rising and rubbing his eyes.
Ah!...What’s the matter...Is it you Monsieur de St. Jean who wakes me?
Bolingbroke.
[laughing.
And who ruins you!...
Masham.
You, to whom I owe everything!... I a poor scholar, a poor provincial nobleman, lost in the City of London, I wanted,
two years ago, to throw myself into the Thames for want of 25 guineas, and you gave me 200 which I still owe you!...
Bolingbroke.
Zounds! my dear fellow, I should like to be in your shoes; I will willingly change places with you...
Masham.
Why so?
Bolingbroke.
Because I owe a hundred times more than that.
Masham.
Oh heavens! how unfortunate you are!
Bolingbroke.
Not at all!... I am ruined, that’s all... But I was never more hearty, merry and free... For five long years- the
longest of my life, I was rich and satiated with pleasures, and I dissipated my property. One must have something to do.
At six and twenty all was gone!...
Masham.
Is it possible?
Bolingbroke.
I could not go faster!... To set me on my legs again, they married me to a charming woman... with whom it was impossible
to live... with a fortune of a million... and with as many defects and caprices... I returned the fortune... and I still
get the best of the bargain. My wife shone at the court, she belonged to Marlborough’s party, she was a Whig... you know
that I could not help being a Tory; I threw myself into the Opposition: I owe that to her! I owe her my happiness! for,
from that day, my instinct and vocation were revealed to me! that was the stimulus that my fiery but inactive soul
needed! Amid the strife of parties, in the storm of debate, I breathe freely, I feel at me ease, and like the English
sailor on the ocean, I feel quite at home, in my element, in my kingdom... Happiness (for me) consists in motion!
Unhappiness is rest!... Twenty times, in my vacant youth, and especially, during my married life, I had thought of
committing suicide.
Masham.
Is it possible?
Bolingbroke.
Yes... on those days when I had to escort my wife to balls!... But now I particularly wish to live on! I should be
extremely sorry to die!...I have no time to do so... I have not a moment for myself... A member of the House of Commons
and a titled journalist... in the morning I speak and in the evening I write. It is useless for the Whigs to try to
crush us with their successes, it is useless for them to rule at this moment England and Europe... Alone with a few
friends, I keep up the struggle, and the conquered have often troubled the sleep of the conquerors... Lord Marlborough,
at the head of his army, trembles at a speech of Henri St. Jean, or an article in our newspaper The Examiner. He has on
his side Prince Eugene, Holland, and 500,000 men. I have on my side Swift, Prior and Atterbury!... He has the sword, we
the press! we shall see one day who will gain the victory. The illustrious and avaricious marshal loves war which
empties the public treasury but fills his own... I love peace and industry, which, far more surely than conquests, are
calculated to secure the prosperity of England. That is what we must make the Queen understand, as well as the
Parliament and the country.
Masham.
It is not an easy task.
Bolingbroke.
No, for brute physical force, successes secured with cannon so much amaze the common herd, that it never entertains the
idea that a victorious general may be a fool, a tyrant, or a rogue... and Lord Marlborough is one! I will prove it... I
will show his victorious hand slipping stealthily into the treasures of the State.
Masham.
Ah! you will not say that...
Bolingbroke.
I have written... and signed it... the article is ready... it will appear to-day. I shall repeat it to-morrow, after
to-morrow.. everyday.. and there is a voice which always succeeds in making itself heard, a voice which speaks louder
than clarions and drums... I mean the voice of truth! But forgive me, I thought I was in the House of Commons, and I
inflict on you a political lecture, on you, my young friend, who have very different dreams in your head...dreams of
fortune and of love.
Masham.
Who told you so?
Bolingbroke.
Yourself!... I consider you very discreet when you are awake; but I warn you that when you are asleep you are not so.
Masham.
Is it possible?
Bolingbroke.
I heard you congratulate yourself in your dreams on your good fortune, and you may tell me without fear the name of the
great lady to whom you owe it.
Masham.
I?
Bolingbroke.
Unless it is my wife! In which case I ask you nothing! I shall understand.
Masham.
You are quite mistaken. I know no great lady! There is someone, I grant, who, without making himself known, has
protected me... my father’s friend... yourself perhaps?
Bolingbroke.
No, indeed.
Masham.
You are, however, the only one that I can think of. An orphan without fortune, but the son of a worthy nobleman killed
on the field of battle, I had an idea of asking for a post in the Queen’s household; the difficulty was to see her
Majesty, to present my petition; and on the day of the opening of Parliament, I rushed boldly into the crowd which
surrounded her carriage; I had almost reached it when a tall gentleman against whom I had run, turned round and,
thinking he had to deal only with a scholar, gave me a fillip[7]on the nose.
Bolingbroke.
You don’t say so!
Masham.
Yes, sir, I see yet his insolent, sneering manner... I see him yet, I should recognise him among a thousand, and if ever
I meet him... But at that moment the crowd, in separating us, had thrown me against the Queen’s carriage to whom I
handed my petition... it remained 15 days without a reply. At last I received a letter admitting me to an audie
สไครบ์ Eugene โอกุ "แก้วน้ำ หรือ สาเหตุและผลกระทบ" ครูผู้สอนที่ปฏิบัติ: รายเดือนศึกษาราย 8.3-10 (1888) Microfilmจริง ๆ แล้วเป็นชื่อเล่นภาษาฝรั่งเศส " Le Verre d'Eau, ou Effets เลสร้อยเอ็ดเลสสาเหตุ, " "แก้วน้ำ" ถูกแปลเป็นภาษาอังกฤษที่ครูปฏิบัติ: A เดือนศึกษาสมุดรายวัน มันถูกเขียน โดยโอกุ-Eugene สไครบ์ และก่อน ดำเนินการบน 17 พฤศจิกายน 1840 ที่โรงละครฟรองส์ในปารีส [1] สไครบ์ถูกคุณฝรั่งเศสแรกจ้าง — และมากกว่าที่ — แต่เพียงผู้เดียวจากเขียน [2] เขาเกิดที่ 24 ธันวาคม ค.ศ. 1791 ปารีส และเสียชีวิตในวันที่ 20 กุมภาพันธ์ 1861 "แก้วน้ำ" ไม่ใช่เพียงหนึ่งผลงานของเขาดีแต่คนของเขาประสบความสำเร็จมากที่สุดในโรงละคร [3] สไครบ์เขียน "เล่น 35, 216 vaudevilles โอเปร่าการ์ตูน 86 และโอเปร่า 37" [4]จุดหลักของสไครบ์ในเล่นนี้จะแสดงวิธีเล็ก เรื่องเล็กน้อยสามารถ ในความจริง มีขนาดใหญ่ผล ในเล่นนี้เมื่อแก้วของน้ำเปลี่ยนแปลงหลักสูตรของสงคราม การต่อสู้ผ่านรัฐสภาและราชินีระหว่าง Tories และ Whigs rages ขณะตัวนั้นลองฟัดเสียงอาจ สามารถดำเนินการต่อ หรือการสิ้นสุดสงครามของอังกฤษกับฝรั่งเศสดูเหมือนแปลกว่า เล่นฝรั่งเศสจะปรากฏในสมุดรายวันสำหรับครู แต่ในบทนำเล่น Eggert ชาร์ลส์อเมริกา "Frequent ใช้ในห้องเรียนของของสไครบ์การ์ตูนชิ้นเอก Le Verre d'Eau ได้นำฉันไปสู่ความเชื่อที่นี้เล่นคำตอบห้องอ่านช่วงต้น และปลายของเรื่อง เรียนในฝรั่งเศสที่น่าสนใจจริงๆ ด้วย" [5] เล่นอาจดีมีการเพิ่มเป็นเครื่องมือสำหรับครูผู้สอนภาษาฝรั่งเศสเพื่อใช้ในการศึกษาและสอน เล่นแสดงความเข้าใจในวัฒนธรรมฝรั่งเศสและอังกฤษ มันยังอยู่ใกล้เหตุการณ์ประวัติศาสตร์ที่รวมทั้งฝรั่งเศสและอังกฤษTranscriptionแก้วน้ำ หรือ เหตุและผลเอกสารต้นฉบับคนที่แสดงควีนแอนน์ดัชเชสแห่งมาร์ลโบโรห์Henri เดอแซงต์ - ฌอง Bolingbroke พระเจ้าMasham (เจ้าหน้าที่พระราชวัง)อาบิกายิล (ญาติกับดัชเชส)เลอมาร์คีส์เดอ Torcy (Louis XIV. ของราชทูต)ทอมป์สัน (อัชเชอร์ของราชินีมเบอร์)สมาชิกรัฐสภาทำครั้งแรกโรงแทนเก๋งหล่อใน St. James พาเลซ ประตูในพื้นหลัง สองข้างประตู ทางด้านซ้ายของตารางที่ มีเขียนวัสดุ การแข่งขัน ทางด้านขวาเป็นโต๊ะกลม (ขาตั้ง)ฉากฉันใส่มาร์ควิส Torcy และ Bolingbroke ด้านซ้าย Masham หลับในเก้าอี้ ใกล้ประตูทางขวาBolingbrokeใช่ มาร์ควิส จดหมายนี้จะถึงราชินี จะพบวิธีทำ ฉันสัญญาคุณ faithfully และมันจะได้รับการนับถือทั้งหมดเนื่องจากราชทูตของมหาราชาเดอ Torcyฉันพึ่งคุณ Monsieur de St. Jean ฉัน entrust เกียรติของฉันและเกียรติของฝรั่งเศสกับสมาชิกและมิตรภาพของคุณBolingbrokeคุณดี... โลกจะบอกคุณว่า Henri de St. Jean สำส่อนและ spendthrift fickle และเป็นรัฐมนตรีครอบครอง การเขียน irascible ลำโพงรุนแรง... มีไม่คัดค้าน... แต่อันนั้นจะบอกคุณที่Jean Henri de เซนต์เคยขายปากกาของเขา หรือทรยศต่อเพื่อนเดอ Torcyฉันรู้ว่ามันดี และฉันใส่หวังทั้งหมดในตัวคุณ[ออกจาก]ฉากที่สองBolingbroke, MashamBolingbrokeโอกาสสิ่งแปลกของสงครามและชะตากรรมของพระมหากษัตริย์ชนะ แอมบาสเดอร์ของ Louis XIV ไม่สามารถรับใน St. Jamesพาผู้ชมควีนแอนน์!...และเพื่อ ให้หมายเหตุการ diplomatist อาจถึงเธอ (ถูกบังคับ) ให้ออกกำลังกายมากริต้า secresy นั้น doux billet [6] ... ไม่ดีมาร์ควิสเดอ Torcy...ถ้าเขาเจรจาสำเร็จ...มันจะทำลายหัวใจ!...มากไม่รักเขา agedโซเวอเรน...ที่ยังคงฝัน (เคล็ดตัวเอง) ของการยกย่อง และรุ่งโรจน์... วัยสูงอายุคือ อายุความผิดหวัง (หวังหลอก)Masham[ในการนอนหลับของเขาโอ้ สวยงามว่าเธอเป็นBolingbrokeโอ้ เยาวชน!...อายุของภาพลวงตา... ตานี้เจ้าหน้าที่สาวที่ซึ่งความสุขมาแม้ในขณะหลับMasham[หลับใช่ ฉันรักทั้งหลาย... ผมมักจะชื่นชอบทั้งหลายBolingbrokeเขาคือฝัน ยากจนชายหนุ่ม อะไรนะ! ประกาศเป็น Masham น้อย ที่นี่ผมพบกับความใกล้ชิดที่เก่าMasham.[still asleep.What happiness!... what a brilliant future!... I am not worthy of it!...Bolingbroke.[striking Masham’s shoulder.In that case, my dear fellow, we will go shares!Masham.[rising and rubbing his eyes.Ah!...What’s the matter...Is it you Monsieur de St. Jean who wakes me?Bolingbroke.[laughing.And who ruins you!...Masham.You, to whom I owe everything!... I a poor scholar, a poor provincial nobleman, lost in the City of London, I wanted,two years ago, to throw myself into the Thames for want of 25 guineas, and you gave me 200 which I still owe you!...Bolingbroke.Zounds! my dear fellow, I should like to be in your shoes; I will willingly change places with you...Masham.Why so?Bolingbroke.Because I owe a hundred times more than that.Masham.Oh heavens! how unfortunate you are!Bolingbroke.Not at all!... I am ruined, that’s all... But I was never more hearty, merry and free... For five long years- thelongest of my life, I was rich and satiated with pleasures, and I dissipated my property. One must have something to do.At six and twenty all was gone!...Masham.Is it possible?Bolingbroke.I could not go faster!... To set me on my legs again, they married me to a charming woman... with whom it was impossibleto live... with a fortune of a million... and with as many defects and caprices... I returned the fortune... and I stillget the best of the bargain. My wife shone at the court, she belonged to Marlborough’s party, she was a Whig... you knowthat I could not help being a Tory; I threw myself into the Opposition: I owe that to her! I owe her my happiness! for,from that day, my instinct and vocation were revealed to me! that was the stimulus that my fiery but inactive soulneeded! Amid the strife of parties, in the storm of debate, I breathe freely, I feel at me ease, and like the Englishsailor on the ocean, I feel quite at home, in my element, in my kingdom... Happiness (for me) consists in motion!Unhappiness is rest!... Twenty times, in my vacant youth, and especially, during my married life, I had thought ofcommitting suicide.Masham.Is it possible?Bolingbroke.Yes... on those days when I had to escort my wife to balls!... But now I particularly wish to live on! I should beextremely sorry to die!...I have no time to do so... I have not a moment for myself... A member of the House of Commonsand a titled journalist... in the morning I speak and in the evening I write. It is useless for the Whigs to try tocrush us with their successes, it is useless for them to rule at this moment England and Europe... Alone with a fewfriends, I keep up the struggle, and the conquered have often troubled the sleep of the conquerors... Lord Marlborough,at the head of his army, trembles at a speech of Henri St. Jean, or an article in our newspaper The Examiner. He has onhis side Prince Eugene, Holland, and 500,000 men. I have on my side Swift, Prior and Atterbury!... He has the sword, wethe press! we shall see one day who will gain the victory. The illustrious and avaricious marshal loves war whichempties the public treasury but fills his own... I love peace and industry, which, far more surely than conquests, arecalculated to secure the prosperity of England. That is what we must make the Queen understand, as well as theParliament and the country.Masham.It is not an easy task.Bolingbroke.No, for brute physical force, successes secured with cannon so much amaze the common herd, that it never entertains theidea that a victorious general may be a fool, a tyrant, or a rogue... and Lord Marlborough is one! I will prove it... Iwill show his victorious hand slipping stealthily into the treasures of the State.Masham.Ah! you will not say that...Bolingbroke.I have written... and signed it... the article is ready... it will appear to-day. I shall repeat it to-morrow, afterto-morrow.. everyday.. and there is a voice which always succeeds in making itself heard, a voice which speaks louderthan clarions and drums... I mean the voice of truth! But forgive me, I thought I was in the House of Commons, and Iinflict on you a political lecture, on you, my young friend, who have very different dreams in your head...dreams offortune and of love.Masham.Who told you so?Bolingbroke.Yourself!... I consider you very discreet when you are awake; but I warn you that when you are asleep you are not so.Masham.Is it possible?Bolingbroke.I heard you congratulate yourself in your dreams on your good fortune, and you may tell me without fear the name of thegreat lady to whom you owe it.Masham.I?Bolingbroke.Unless it is my wife! In which case I ask you nothing! I shall understand.Masham.You are quite mistaken. I know no great lady! There is someone, I grant, who, without making himself known, hasprotected me... my father’s friend... yourself perhaps?Bolingbroke.No, indeed.Masham.You are, however, the only one that I can think of. An orphan without fortune, but the son of a worthy nobleman killedon the field of battle, I had an idea of asking for a post in the Queen’s household; the difficulty was to see herMajesty, to present my petition; and on the day of the opening of Parliament, I rushed boldly into the crowd whichsurrounded her carriage; I had almost reached it when a tall gentleman against whom I had run, turned round and,thinking he had to deal only with a scholar, gave me a fillip[7]on the nose.Bolingbroke.You don’t say so!Masham.Yes, sir, I see yet his insolent, sneering manner... I see him yet, I should recognise him among a thousand, and if everI meet him... But at that moment the crowd, in separating us, had thrown me against the Queen’s carriage to whom Ihanded my petition... it remained 15 days without a reply. At last I received a letter admitting me to an audie
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