A comparison of brain responses to cue pictures signaling a reward or avoidable loss [positive effect of gain anticipation; (anticipate gain > anticipate neutral)HC AND (anticipate gain > anticipate neutral)BPD] elicited widespread activations within the mesolimbic reward system, including the ventral and dorsal striatum, the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, extending into the supplementary motor area (dACC/SMA) and the thalamus (p < 0.05, whole-brain FWE-corrected; see Supplementary Table S1), replicating previous results ( Wittmann et al., 2005 and Schott et al., 2007). Similarly, anticipation of avoidable losses [positive effect of loss anticipation; (anticipate loss > anticipate neutral)HC AND (anticipate loss > anticipate neutral)BPD] also engaged the striatum and prefrontal neocortical structures in both groups, including the dACC/SMA (p < 0.05, whole-brain FWE-corrected; Supplementary Table S2).