Results 50 patients underwent renal angiogram in preparation for renal denervation (fi gure 1). Five patients were excluded from the procedure for anatomical reasons (mainly on the basis of dual renal artery systems). The remaining 45 patients underwent renal denervation. Treated patients were similar to those reported with resistant hypertension, being 58 years of age (SD 9; range 37–76 years) and 44% (n=20) female (table). Treated patients had numerous concomitant illnesses, including type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, and hyper lipid aemia undergoing pharmacological treatment (table). They had a mean (SD) baseline calculated glomerular fi ltration rate of 81 mL/min/1·73m² (23) (range 54–169 mL/min/1·73m²). Blood pressure at enrolment was 177/101 mm Hg (SD 20/15), with a heart rate of 72 beats per min (bpm) (SD 11). Patients took, on average, 4·7 hypertensive medications, with 43 (96%) receiving an angiotensin- converting enzyme inhibitor, an angiotensin II receptor blocker, or both, 34 (76%) beta blockers, 31 (69%) calcium-channel blockers, and 8 (18%) direct vasodilators. 43 (96%) of the treated patients received diuretics (table).