INTRODUCTION
Most plant transformation systems employ resistance
selection by using either an herbicide or an antibiotic
resistance marker, although visual reporter genes are
currently available. The assay for the GUS (β-
glucuronidase) gene is cytotoxic, but alternative assays,
using non-lethal substrates, have been developed for
transgenic screening of bombarded microspores (Stöger
et al. 1995). The use of a visual marker for selection
increases transformation efficiency by reducing the time
and the number of material to be handled at the screen-
ing step that has been demonstrated in several species
reviewed by Hraška et al. (2006).
GFP (green-fluorescent protein) has been success-
fully used in a combination with chemical selection to
isolate transgenic plant cells (Stewart 2001). Visual
screening without chemical selection has been per-
formed in multicellular tissue culture of wheat (Jordan
2000), barley (Ahlandsberg et al. 1999), carrot (Baranski
et al. 2006), citrus (Guo et al. 2005),
INTRODUCTION
Most plant transformation systems employ resistance
selection by using either an herbicide or an antibiotic
resistance marker, although visual reporter genes are
currently available. The assay for the GUS (β-
glucuronidase) gene is cytotoxic, but alternative assays,
using non-lethal substrates, have been developed for
transgenic screening of bombarded microspores (Stöger
et al. 1995). The use of a visual marker for selection
increases transformation efficiency by reducing the time
and the number of material to be handled at the screen-
ing step that has been demonstrated in several species
reviewed by Hraška et al. (2006).
GFP (green-fluorescent protein) has been success-
fully used in a combination with chemical selection to
isolate transgenic plant cells (Stewart 2001). Visual
screening without chemical selection has been per-
formed in multicellular tissue culture of wheat (Jordan
2000), barley (Ahlandsberg et al. 1999), carrot (Baranski
et al. 2006), citrus (Guo et al. 2005),
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