Some school leaders mandate that teachers comply with organizational goals or that they embrace particular notions of organizational culture, whereas others induce compliance through more subtle, more manipulative, means. Nevertheless, by the mid-1980s recognition began to grow that bona fide participation by teachers in school affairs is highly 1986 by the Carnegie Forum on Education and the Economy that teachers be given a greater voice in the decisions that affect the school. the term teacher empowerment has been one of the most recurrent buzzwords in school educational circles