In the present study, we investigated the crystallization of CaOx crystals from aqueous solution in the
absence and presence of small caltrops. The effects
of small caltrops concentration and [Ca 2+]/[C2O42 – ]
on CaOx crystal formation and compositions were
studied. In addition, we used atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) for detecting the Ca 2+ in the aqueous
solution, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
to describe the morphologies and surfaces of CaOx crystals as well as their compositions with energy
dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS)