3.2.3. Baking and bread quality
The baking time for EWB had amean decrease of 49% overWFB, enabling
an economy in energy consumption. This benefit, coupled with
the reduction of proofing time(Table 3) should be considered in the calculation
of process costs, once freezing increases the processing costs of
French-type bread elaborated from frozen dough. The baking time for
dough elaborated with EWF was also lower than the baking time for
dough elaborated with PGS. This greater reduction can be due to the
fact that EWF, in addition to glucose liberation, also supplies denatured
proteins, which could be more available than native proteins for the
Maillard reaction (color development).
EWF, at 5% level of substitution, showed an increase in oven spring,
an improvement in shape, and increase in surface cut height of breads;
while PGS, at 5% level of substitution, only improved the shape of
breads. However, these raw materials contributed to decrease the specific
volume and to increase crumb firmness.
The breads elaborated with CWF (WFB) presented the highest specific
volumes, although their doughs (WFD) did not present the highest
oven spring (increase of height during baking). The higher specific volume
of WFB was caused by the expansion of its dough (WFD) to the
sides, that is, there was an increase of its width.