Shark tissues were collected from June 2011 to January 2013
from harbor loadings, fish markets, supermarkets, street venders,
and restaurants in six cities and eight counties of Taiwan (Fig. 1)
with the help of volunteers from the Society of Wilderness.
Considering that an individual shark can be cut into many fillets,
we avoided purchasing multiple tissue samples from a single source
and collected only one tissue sample from one individual from the