Identification of a defect in a restoration, and the subsequent decision-making, tends to be limited to visual and tactile examinations; however, the management plan for the restored tooth should be based on risk assessment, including assessment of further caries, structural deterioration, catastrophic failure, and loss of pulp vitality. The recognition of one or more limited defects in a restoration does not necessarily mean that the restoration has suffered irreversible damage and requires immediate replacement. Most defects in restorations, other than those caused by sudden impact fracture, develop gradually over extended periods of time,providing the clinician with an opportunity to address the cause of the problem and undertake some form of minimal intervention to correct the defect or defects, thereby extending the life expectancy of the restoration. Minimal intervention treatment may include repair of the defects, especially if the defects are localized and accessible, or simple refurbishment of the restoration if the defects are superficial.