Preliminary
investigations
into
family
hardiness
have
compared
hardiness
in
different
parent
groups
and
identified
associations
among
hardiness
and
other
psychological
constructs
using
cross
sectional
methods.
Mothers
of
children
with
ASD
report
less
hardiness
than
mothers
of
children
with
intellectual
disabilities
or
typically
developing
children,
and
such
hardiness
is
associated
with
lower
levels
of
depression,
anxiety
and
feelings
of
depersonalization
(Weiss,
2002).
Increased
family
hardiness
is
associated
with
less
stress
in
parents
of
children
with
ASD
(Gill
&
Harris,
1991;
Plumb,
2011).
In
families
of
individuals
with
intellectual
disabilities,
hardiness
is
related
to
social
support
(Failla
&
Jones,
1991),
caregiver
self-efficacy
(Snowdon,
Cameron,
&
Dunham,
1994),
and
reduced
maternal
distress
(Ben-Zur,
Duvdevany,
&
Lury,
2005).
Preliminary investigations into family hardiness have compared hardiness in different parent groups and identified associations among hardiness and other psychological constructs using cross sectional methods. Mothers of children with ASD report less hardiness than mothers of children with intellectual disabilities or typically developing children, and such hardiness is associated with lower levels of depression, anxiety and feelings of depersonalization (Weiss, 2002). Increased family hardiness is associated with less stress in parents of children with ASD (Gill & Harris, 1991; Plumb, 2011). In families of individuals with intellectual disabilities, hardiness is related to social support (Failla & Jones, 1991), caregiver self-efficacy (Snowdon, Cameron, & Dunham, 1994), and reduced maternal distress (Ben-Zur, Duvdevany, & Lury, 2005).
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