Several conceptual models have been proposed to support the rationale for applying simulation in education. One such premise, Mezirow’s Perspective Transformation Theory, poses that the goal of education is to identify activities that stimulate reflective learning (Parker & Faulk 2004). Knowledge is generated when an individual’s perspective is transformed as a result of exposure to a ‘disorienting dilemma’, a situation in which he or she is required to put thoughts into action and is confronted with uncertainty as reality may seem different from what was expected. Simulation activities are an appropriate mechanism for achieving this goal by providing an opportunity for the learner to confront a disorienting dilemma and explore his/her emotional and intellectual reaction without risks associated with clinical responsibility. The common thread across this and other theories which support the use of simulation in health professional education is the importance of fostering self-awareness.