The role of visual perception shows little relationship to handwriting, whereas kinestheoia, visual-motor integration, and motor planning appear to be more closely related to handwriting. The differ·ences in the outcomes of the studies reviewcd here may be accounted for in pan by the methodological inadequacies ofmany of the studies. Further examination of perceptual-motor fauors and handwriting is warranted to provide cumulative data for validating the possible role of the underlying competencies in handwriting.