Gangs are a subtype of adolescent peer group, with a more formal identity and membership
requirements. They tend to involve more homogeneously delinquent youth, often actively recruiting
persons for their fighting skills or street smarts. In some instances membership entails violent
behavior as an initiation ritual. However, not all gangs are involved in serious violent behavior or
drug distribution. They often serve some positive functions, particularly in disorganized
neighborhoods. They not only provide youth a sense of acceptance, belonging and personal worth
(which most friendships do), but also a safe place to stay, food, clothing and protection from abusive
parents. But like delinquent groups more generally, joining a gang greatly increases the risk of
serious violence, both perpetration and victimization. Likewise, leaving a gang or delinquent peer
group substantially reduces the risk of serious violence.