Kant also provided two other versions of this categorical imperative that are less abstract.
He claimed that ethics requires us to treat all people as ends and never only as means
In yet another formulation we are required to treat people as subjects not as objects
these formulations restate the commitment to treat people as capable of thinking and choosing for themselves
Humans are subjects They have their own ends and purposes and therefore should not be treated simply as a means to the ends of others
In chapter 3 we will examine a view on corporate social responsibility that concludes on Kantian grounds that business managers have direct ethical responsibilities to all parties skateholders who are affected by business activities