scientific management.
prior to the turn of the twentieth century, there was almost no systematic study of management. the practice of management was based on experience and common sense. frederick W. taylor tried to change that view. an engineer, he pursued the idea that through careful scientific analysis the efficiency of work could be improved. his basic theme was that managers should study work scientifically to identify the "one best way" to perform a task.
taylor's scientific management consists of four principles: