3.1. Wind-tunnel experiment
Karava et al. performed reduced-scale PIV wind-tunnel measurements
of wind-induced cross-ventilation in a generic isolated
building geometry [39]. The measurement results for the asymmetric
location of the openings (upward cross-ventilation) are
used for model validation in the present study. The dimensions
of the reduced-scale building model (1:200) are 0.1 0.1
0.08 m3 (W D H), as shown in Fig. 3a and b. This corresponds to
full-scale dimensions 20 20 16 m3 (W D H). The openings
have a fixed height of 0.018 m (3.6 m in full scale) and for this
validation study, the building model with an inlet opening at the
bottom of the windward facade (center of the opening at
h ¼ 0.02 m) and an outlet opening at the top of the opposite
(leeward) facade (center of the opening at h ¼ 0.06 m) and a wall
porosity of 10% is selected. The reduced-scale aerodynamic
roughness length in the wind-tunnel measurements was
z0 ¼ 0.025 mm, which corresponds to 0.005 m in full scale [20]. The
reference mean wind speed at building height (zref ¼ H) was
Uref ¼ 6.97 m/s and the reference turbulence intensity at building
height was 10%. The turbulence intensity was about 17% near
ground level (0.012 m) and 5% at gradient height (0.738 m). For
more information related to the wind-tunnel experiments the
reader is referred to