Some researchers have tried to develop a quantified model of
energy consumptions. For an energy consumption model of
manufacturing process, Gutowski et al. (2005) analyzed the energy
consumption of conventional machines, and reported energy distribution
of each machine components. Diaz et al. (2011) suggested
using a specific amount of energy according to the process rate to
develop an energy-saving strategy. Kara and Li (2011) studied an
empirical model based on the material removal rate (MRR) and
verified it, and Balogun and Mativenga (2013) improved the energy
consumption model based on novel state classifications.