An impressive amount of research has been done on Hackman and Oldham’s
approach to job enrichment. In addition, a number of studies have extended and
refined their approach, including a modification of the original JDS instrument to produce
more reliable data and the incorporation of such other moderators as the need
for achievement and job longevity. In general, research has supported the proposed
relationships between job characteristics and outcomes, including the moderating
effects of growth needs, knowledge and skills, and context satisfaction. In regard to
context satisfaction, for example, research indicates that employee turnover, dissatisfaction,
and withdrawal are associated with dark offices, a lack of privacy, and high
worker densities.