In addition, all synovial fluid aspirates were inoculated onto anaerobic sheep blood agar and
into enriched thioglycollate broth and incubated as described above.
At the treating surgeon's discretion and in keeping with current consensus
recommendations, removed implants underwent vortexing and
sonication in Ringer solution followed by centrifugation. 0.1 mL of the
concentrated sonicate fluid was inoculated onto aerobic and anaerobic
sheep blood agar plates, which were incubated aerobically at 35°C in
5% CO2 for 4 days and anaerobically for 14 days, respectively (Piper
et al., 2009; Trampuz et al., 2007; Zmistowski et al., 2014).